Feminist Theory can get pretty serious. But for that matter, working against untold centuries of repression isn’t going to all be fun and games.
Luckily, there is a game which draws attention to questions about the portrayals of women in the wider media. In particular we are discussing film. And men can play it too. Which The Inquisition finds particularly convenient.
The game is the Bechdel Test.
It is a simple game and one which has a surprisingly low number of matches. Films are rated on the basis of three simple questions:
That’s it.
Bibliography
The Bechdel Test site
TV Tropes on the Bechdel Test
A list of films that fail (supposed to be surprising)
Bithch Magazine
Slash Film
Hans Holbein’s painting of the Ambassadors is weird.
It is in many ways a true product of the Northern Rennaissance. Like contemporary images it is thickly laden with meaning, symbolism and semiotic communication while still being an object of great beauty and high accomplishment.
The objects on the table against which the two men lean are chosen to illustrate their various personal qualities along with the artist’s abilities. Their stance is wide and strong, brash even, while their clothes are expensive velvets, furs, gold pieces and lavish satins. These are the movers and shakers of their day.
The exact meanings, and the names of the sitters, are still debated. They are generally accepted, although not wholly so, to be Jean de Dinteville, a landowner, and Georges de Selve, a bishop. Several of their objects are fundamental to semiotics image. The instruments illustrate their expansionsit intentions, knowledge of science, joy and religious reverence amongst other qualities.
Perspective in painting was still a revolutionary technique at the time, one which the artist has chosen to boast about. The lute is placed at an angle such that the artist can demonstrate his ability to handle extreme fore-shortening. Interestingly, one string is broken showing an unexpected frailty or perhaps discord. There are also recorders, in tribute to Henry VIII – he loved this instrument and wrote Greensleeves on it.
The figure on the left clasps a short dagger indicating a potential bellicosity and reinforcing the fact that he is a agent of a foreign power, in an unfamiliar if not hostile environment. A larger sword nestles, almost concealed by his side while he wears a St George medal, showing a level of fealty to his hosts.
Commentators have chosen to view the work as the battle between the church and secular forces. The figure on the right is a bishop while the figure on the left is a secular diplomat. Conversely, the painting may illustrate that the governance of the Europe at the time lay between these two pillars.
Holbein was a high flying socialite portraitist from a German artistic family. After spending years touring Europe and meeting luminaries of the time, he came to the court of the King of England, Henry VIII. Holbein was a supremely talented draughtsman and painter of faithful portraits. His images are incredible, needing to be seen in the flesh to do them full justice.
But we cannot ignore the obvious. The Ambassadors has a massive smear right across it. The smear is actually an anamorphosis; an image that can only be viewed in a particular manner.
Ananmorphic art is art which can only be viewed from a proscribed perspective or through a specific mechanism. Here, we could see the image if we were to lie on the floor before the image and look up across the canvas(?). The image is a skull, a device used in painting as a memento mori to remind the sitter, and viewer, that no matter what heights you climb to, death is the inescapable leveller.
Of course, the painter may not be commenting on his sitters, but saying something about us instead that we must prostrate ourselves before we can see the image.
See more anamorphic art at the New Scientist. Also, bear in mind, anamorphosis can have real world applications beyond trickery in visual culture.
Bibliography
Anamorphosis
Hans Holbein Biography
The Ambassadors – an introduction to a vast piece
Anamorphic art
According to The Inquisition’s analytics record, two of the most popular articles are parts 1 and 2 of an Introduction to Jakob Van Ruisdael. Part 1 offers the scant biographical details of Van Ruisdael and puts his works in a greater European historical context, while Part 2 discusses Van Ruisdael’s art, aesthetics and exagerration. Of particular note in Van Ruisdael’s total oeuvre is the accomplished draughtmanship through his drawing sn and prints. The British Museum has an extensive, easily searched and very well-presented archive of Van Ruisdael’s works on paper. Although never as good as seeing them in the flesh, this is a great way to see works that are normally not available for public scrutiny.
Bibliography
The British Museum online is a fantastic archive of works of global importance
Nearly every myth associated with St Patrick has been discredited. He did not bring Christianity to Ireland, he did not banish select parts of the fauna and he is technically not a saint (having never been officially canonised).
Catholicism was a different beast on the wild western edges of Europe in the fifth century. The rules were flexible. Teaching warped and twisted in different localities to be more relevant and easily accepted by reticent pagans.
It is not often discussed now, and is more often swept under the carpet, but priests of the time married. And they had children. For centuries, even popes got in on the act.
For example, Pat’s dad was a British deacon, Calpornius. His granddad was also a priest, Potitus. Family get-togethers must have been a right laugh, as Pat himself describes himself as a sixteen year old non-believer.
In other words, Ireland’s patron saint was a teenage rebel, going against his forebears’ convictions. He probably hung out on mudhut corners, smoking and drinking mead, trying to get into local wenches’ undergarments and wearing a black hooded tunic.
Bibliography
Patrick dissected by Heidi Toth on Suite 101
Our Lady of the Rosary Library on St Patrick (Ultra conservative Catholics, surprise, surprise, don’t mention the whole snakes thing)
As ever, Wikipedia
Patrick’s Memoir, his Confessio
Medieval Ireland, Gerhard Richter, Gill and Macmillan, 2005
